Prophets are not cut from a common mold, as if they were so many gingerbread cookies filled with inspired spices and identical communication conduits to heaven. Each is a human being, complete with individual strengths, weaknesses, habits, backgrounds, skill sets, and the like. Beyond that, God raises up prophets to address various issues and to perform various missions. It is difficult to imagine the leadership of Moses and his interaction with the children of Israel being replaced by the solitary impetuousness of Samson, for example. Nonetheless, there do seem to be some features common to the role of prophet as filled by all types of regular and extraordinary people. These are:

1. They were called by Deity, though sometimes that calling came through another human who was in a position of authority. The calling included granting priesthood authority to act in God’s name.
2. Their official revelations and pronouncements are regarded as coming from God and binding on the people they lead.
3. They taught universal truths that crossed cultures and political boundaries.
4. They often addressed social issues in clarifying and sometimes radical ways.
5. They helped to both maintain and reform status quo religion.

Additional characteristics often also included the following:

• A period of preparation for the calling.
• A major weakness or trial to overcome while serving.
• Opponents who did not believe their calling as prophet.
• Both a reliance on and a willingness to expand sacred texts (scripture).

Sources:

Where Have All the Prophets Gone? Scott R. Petersen

The Encyclopedia of Religion, ed. Mircea Eliade, s.v. “Prophecy”

The Holy Bible

At the center of belief in a Supreme Being is the question of how one receives God’s word. Sacred writings from prophets, inspired scribes, divinely appointed teachers, and others provide a foundation and framework for understanding how God interacts with His children. Despite the value of such records such as the Holy Bible and other texts, it is living oracles, not writings, that are the most valuable source of divine inspiration. For example, the early Christian bishop Papias wrote in approximately A.D. 140: “If ever someone who had accompanied the presbyters should come, I examined carefully the words of the presbyters, [to learn] what Andrew, Peter, Philip, Thomas, John, Matthew, or any other of the disciples of the Lord said and what things Aristion and the presbyter John, disciples of the Lord, are saying. For I did not suppose the contents of books would profit me so much as the words and living voice” (quoted by Eusebius, Eccl. Hist. 3.39.1, 3-4).

The Bible, selected pseudepigrapha and apocrypha, the Dead Sea Scrolls, and the earliest Christian tell us how man has responded to prophecy in each dispensation. Typically the righteous ultimately reject God and turn from His ways. Cain learned that evil can bring personal gain and taught that secret to others. The righteous seed of Noah eventually succumbed to evil, built the Tower of Babel, and were scattered. The venerable line of Abraham through Ephraim was finally severed because of apostasy, and Israel’s worship of Egypt’s false gods resulted in its enslavement. Following Moses, Israel on numerous occasions turned its back on God, rejecting Him and His covenant, and were eventually conquered and scattered. Christ’s fulfillment of the Law of Moses, the reestablishment of His Church on earth, and the apostolic ministry that followed were also rejected in time by succeeding Christian leaders and the membership at large, causing again the repetition of apostasy as in each preceding dispensation.

The movers and shakers of the Reformation attempted to correct false teachings and end centuries of corruption; however, disunity and lack of authority prevented a full restoration of primitive Christianity. After the Age of Reason and the Great Awakening, the establishment of America and freedom of religion inspired another awakening and doctrinal reformation, including a proliferation of new Christian denominations and nineteenth-century restorationist movements. One of those who claimed a full restoration of truth is The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Their claim to have been led by a living prophet since the church’s inception is worth noting.

Sources:

Where Have All the Prophets Gone? Scott R. Petersen